Surgical Technology

In order to apply these concepts you first need to understand ways to evaluate the Issues. How is ethics defined? According to the Ethics Center for Engineering and Research, ethics means being concerned with what Is right or wrong, good or bad, fair or unfair, responsible or irresponsible, obligatory or permissible, praiseworthy or blameworthy. (Online Ethics Center for Engineering, 2006) It Is associated with guilt, shame, indignation, resentment, empathy, compassion, and care. It Is being Interested In character as well as conduct.This article presents two ways to evaluate potential ethical questions: First is the utilitarianism system. This system concerns itself with determining the greater good and what decision will be beneficial to the most people. The second system presented Is the deontological system. Under this system, a worker would look at the needs of the individual and determine the best course of action for the patient themselves. There is no suggestion that these tw o methods should conflict. In fact, quite often, what is best for a patient is often what is best for society as a whole.The robber arises In the Instances where these two methods conflict. In these cases, a worker must apply the concept of prudence. This Is the Idea that a salary person would make the same decision under the same circumstances. After presenting the general concepts of ethics, the author lists several examples of situations where questions of this nature may arise. Personal decisions such as abortion, Den's, drug use, and sterilization are explored. Society decisions to allow animal and human experimentation and organ transplantation are also reviewed.Situations that could tangentially cause a worker to be uncomfortable are examined. The author points out how difficult it is watching a DEN patient pass without acting can be. The issue of a patient's right to privacy Is also delved Into. A patient Is not required to reveal their HIVE status even though this could pos e a danger to any worker in the operating room. Quality versus quantity of life is explained, however, the ethical problem is not a decision that needs to be made. In this case, the law has already determined assisted suicide Is not an option.The problem lies in the workers desire to help a wing individual die, even though they are unable to do so. This instance shows that ethical problems do not necessarily Involve decision making on the surgical technician's, but rather a state of mind in many circumstances. Despite the medical reason one might have for being hospitalized or cared for by a health care professional In an operating room setting and, regardless of how â€Å"ethically or unethically† the medical situation may be perceived through the eyes of the medical 1 OFF professional, It Is ten Neal care proportional's duty to De Touches on ten patient.The patient has a right to quality health care regardless of the circumstances or situations surrounding the procedure. Th is includes, but is not limited to, any situation that evokes an inevitable emotional human response. The underlying theme in patient care and ethics is that the health care worker's feelings do not play into the decisions that need to be made for the patient nor do they have any bearing on what is best for society as a whole. Our responsibilities, as Purpose Surgical Technologists, go beyond the mere ability to perform our daily Job functions.Our position is all encompassing in that, not only does it include the use of surgical instruments and equipment towards promoting health and well being, but it also extends to the rights of the patients under our care to receive the best quality, appropriate care within the patient's wishes and desires. We, as health care professionals, owe it to our patients to give them the highest possible quality of care of which we are capable. Uses in Career In order to be able to provide care without Judgment you need to do some deep soul searching and have a complete understanding of your ethical beliefs and biases.Once you have that understanding, if you find your ethical beliefs could interfere with your work performance, you need to share these feelings with your employer. Each patient is entitled to the same level of understanding regardless of your personal Judgment. What you feel or believe to be wrong does not necessarily have a bearing on what is best for the patient. Summary The intent of this article is to point out the various ways a health care professional can evaluate circumstances they may encounter in the work place.They can determine what is the best ethical course of action for society as a whole, they can determine what is best for the patient and his or her personal situation, or they can combine the two methods and approach the situation prudently. No matter which approach is taken, it is always best to take your personal feelings and emotions out of the equation. The bottom line is to combine doing what is right in general with what is right for the patient. Even in a surgical situation, customer service is paramount. Putting yourself in another person's shoes may be a simple click, but it goes a long way in this occupation.

Merchant Banking

Merchant Banking Merchant banking may be defined as, â€Å"an institution which covers a wide range of activities such as management of customer services, portfolio management, credit syndication, acceptance credit, counselling, insurance, etc. † Merchant Banks are popularly known as â€Å"issuing and accepting houses†. They offer a package of financial services. Unlike in the past, their activities are now primarily non-fund based. One of the basic requirements of merchant banks is highly professional staff with skills and worldwide contacts.The basic function of merchant banks is marketing corporate and other securities, that is guaranteeing sales and distribution of securities. All the aspects- origination, underwriting and distribution of the sale of industrial securities are handled by them. They are experts and good judges of the type, timing and terms of issues and make them acceptable to investors under prevailing preferences and market conditions, and at the sa me time afford the borrowing company, flexibility and freedom that it needs to meet possible future contingencies.They guarantee the success of issues by underwriting them. They also provide all the services related to receiving applications, allotment, collecting money, sending share certificates and so on. The merchant banker normally does not assume all the risk himself while underwriting the issue. Merchant banks offer services also to investors. The range of activities offered by merchant banks is much wider than sponsoring public issues of industrial securities. They offer project finance, syndication of credit, corporate advisory services, mutual fund investments, investment management etc.Services of Merchant Banks †¢ Project Counselling: Project counselling includes preparation of project reports, deciding upon the financing pattern to finance the cost of the project and appraising the project report with the financial institutions or banks. It also includes filling up of application forms with relevant information for obtaining funds from financial institutions and obtaining government approval. †¢ Issue Management: Management of issue involves marketing of corporate securities viz. equity shares, preference shares and debentures or bonds by offering them to public.Merchant banks act as an intermediary whose main job is to transfer capital from those who own it to those who need it. After taking action as per SEBI guidelines, the merchant banker arranges a meeting with company representatives and advertising agents to finalise arrangements relating to date of opening and closing of issue, registration of prospectus, launching publicity campaign and fixing date of board meeting to approve and sign prospectus and pass the necessary resolutions. Pricing of issues is done by the companies in consultant with the merchant bankers. †¢ Underwriting of Public Issue:Underwriting is a guarantee given by the underwriter that in the event of under subscription, the amount underwritten would be subscribed by him. Banks/Merchant banking subsidiaries cannot underwrite more than 15% of any issue. †¢ Managers, Consultants or Advisers to the Issue: The managers to the issue assist in the drafting of prospectus, application forms and completion of formalities under the Companies Act, appointment of Registrar for dealing with share applications and transfer and listing of shares of the company on the stock exchange. Companies can appoint one or more agencies as managers to the issue. Portfolio Management: Portfolio refers to investment in different kinds of securities such as shares, debentures or bonds issued by different companies and government securities. Portfolio management refers to maintaining proper combinations of securities in a manner that they give maximum return with minimum risk. †¢ Advisory Service Relating to Mergers and Takeovers: A merger is a combination of two companies into a single company where one s urvives and other loses its corporate existence. A takeover is the purchase by one company acquiring controlling interest in the share capital of another existing company.Merchant bankers are the middlemen in setting negotiation between the two companies. †¢ Off Shore Finance: The merchant bankers help their clients in the following areas involving foreign currency. (a) Long term foreign currency loans (b) Joint Ventures abroad (c) Financing exports and imports (d) Foreign collaboration arrangements †¢ Non-resident Investment: The services of merchant banker includes investment advisory services to NRI in terms of identification of investment opportunities, selection of securities, investment management, and operational services like purchase and sale of securities. †¢ Loan Syndication:Loan syndication refers to assistance rendered by merchant bankers to get mainly term loans for projects. Such loans may be obtained from a single development finance institution or a s yndicate or consortium. Merchant bankers help corporate clients to raise syndicated loans from banks or financial institutions. †¢ Corporate Counselling: Corporate counselling covers the entire field of merchant banking activities viz. project counselling, capital restructuring, public issue management, loan syndication, working capital, fixed deposit, lease financing acceptance credit, etc. bibliography a manual on merchant banking by JC Verma Merchant Banking Merchant Banking Merchant banking may be defined as, â€Å"an institution which covers a wide range of activities such as management of customer services, portfolio management, credit syndication, acceptance credit, counselling, insurance, etc. † Merchant Banks are popularly known as â€Å"issuing and accepting houses†. They offer a package of financial services. Unlike in the past, their activities are now primarily non-fund based. One of the basic requirements of merchant banks is highly professional staff with skills and worldwide contacts.The basic function of merchant banks is marketing corporate and other securities, that is guaranteeing sales and distribution of securities. All the aspects- origination, underwriting and distribution of the sale of industrial securities are handled by them. They are experts and good judges of the type, timing and terms of issues and make them acceptable to investors under prevailing preferences and market conditions, and at the sa me time afford the borrowing company, flexibility and freedom that it needs to meet possible future contingencies.They guarantee the success of issues by underwriting them. They also provide all the services related to receiving applications, allotment, collecting money, sending share certificates and so on. The merchant banker normally does not assume all the risk himself while underwriting the issue. Merchant banks offer services also to investors. The range of activities offered by merchant banks is much wider than sponsoring public issues of industrial securities. They offer project finance, syndication of credit, corporate advisory services, mutual fund investments, investment management etc.Services of Merchant Banks †¢ Project Counselling: Project counselling includes preparation of project reports, deciding upon the financing pattern to finance the cost of the project and appraising the project report with the financial institutions or banks. It also includes filling up of application forms with relevant information for obtaining funds from financial institutions and obtaining government approval. †¢ Issue Management: Management of issue involves marketing of corporate securities viz. equity shares, preference shares and debentures or bonds by offering them to public.Merchant banks act as an intermediary whose main job is to transfer capital from those who own it to those who need it. After taking action as per SEBI guidelines, the merchant banker arranges a meeting with company representatives and advertising agents to finalise arrangements relating to date of opening and closing of issue, registration of prospectus, launching publicity campaign and fixing date of board meeting to approve and sign prospectus and pass the necessary resolutions. Pricing of issues is done by the companies in consultant with the merchant bankers. †¢ Underwriting of Public Issue:Underwriting is a guarantee given by the underwriter that in the event of under subscription, the amount underwritten would be subscribed by him. Banks/Merchant banking subsidiaries cannot underwrite more than 15% of any issue. †¢ Managers, Consultants or Advisers to the Issue: The managers to the issue assist in the drafting of prospectus, application forms and completion of formalities under the Companies Act, appointment of Registrar for dealing with share applications and transfer and listing of shares of the company on the stock exchange. Companies can appoint one or more agencies as managers to the issue. Portfolio Management: Portfolio refers to investment in different kinds of securities such as shares, debentures or bonds issued by different companies and government securities. Portfolio management refers to maintaining proper combinations of securities in a manner that they give maximum return with minimum risk. †¢ Advisory Service Relating to Mergers and Takeovers: A merger is a combination of two companies into a single company where one s urvives and other loses its corporate existence. A takeover is the purchase by one company acquiring controlling interest in the share capital of another existing company.Merchant bankers are the middlemen in setting negotiation between the two companies. †¢ Off Shore Finance: The merchant bankers help their clients in the following areas involving foreign currency. (a) Long term foreign currency loans (b) Joint Ventures abroad (c) Financing exports and imports (d) Foreign collaboration arrangements †¢ Non-resident Investment: The services of merchant banker includes investment advisory services to NRI in terms of identification of investment opportunities, selection of securities, investment management, and operational services like purchase and sale of securities. †¢ Loan Syndication:Loan syndication refers to assistance rendered by merchant bankers to get mainly term loans for projects. Such loans may be obtained from a single development finance institution or a s yndicate or consortium. Merchant bankers help corporate clients to raise syndicated loans from banks or financial institutions. †¢ Corporate Counselling: Corporate counselling covers the entire field of merchant banking activities viz. project counselling, capital restructuring, public issue management, loan syndication, working capital, fixed deposit, lease financing acceptance credit, etc. bibliography a manual on merchant banking by JC Verma

Issues with the use of Internet and Electronic Media Essay

Abstract This study aims to tackle the growing issue relating to the widely use of internet and electronic media in the society.   Also, this research will also examine the impact of these technologies in the point of view of human ethical standards as well as how it affects the professional practice in psychology.   Ã‚   Table of Contents i. Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2    Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 The American Psychological Association, Principles and Standards†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 American Psychological Association Standard Ethical Principles of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychologists and Code of Conduct†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Ethical Committees of the American Psychological Association, main implementor of Rules and Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Common Standards for Advertising, Avoidance of False or Deceptive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Statements Media Presentation and Keeping Confidential Information†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 The Value of Maintenance, Dissemination and also proper Disposal of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Records†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 The Standards of Conducting Research the Importance of Consent in Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Ethical Principles of Psychology and its Code of Conduct that Relates to Informing Consent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 The Importance of Training and Supervision for People to embraced the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     right Ethical Standards of Life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 The Importance of Ethical Community in the Ethical Practice and the Methods of Ethical Decision Making†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 Ethical Community impact on the Ethical Practices and Rightful decision Making†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 The Positive Effect of Internet and Electronic Media in the field of Psychology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 The Internet and What Lies ahead in the Field of Psychology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 Psychological Experiments that can be conducted on the Internet †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 General Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Cross-cultural experimentation and Individual differences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15    The Concept of Humanistic Psychology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16    Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16    Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17    References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Introduction In today’s information world where technological practices brought about by internet and other high-tech media, we can always say that there come a time that we forget about our responsibilities of protecting our ethical standards and values.   One of the main reasons is that people are starting to rely only in the information that is being feed to them.   One profession that also being affected by this growing change is the psychological profession, where the common standards, practices and acceptable principles are changing due to the many information that both media and the internet has provided. In this study, it will focus not only on the effect it brings to our lives but also hoe this can be of help, if only we apply the right ethical standards and principles of psychology.   Facts and figures will also be presented to this study in order for the readers to be convinced that not everything that comes from the internet and electronic media are non-relevant information, and in contrast this study will try to prove that with these technologies and information it provides, it can create a highly effective person with the right ethical standards and most especially without affecting the best practices and principles that the psychological profession applied. The American Psychological Association, Principles and Standards American Psychological Association Standard Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct APA or the American Psychological Association has been the organization for years now that continually helps and maintain standards and policies that helps human to understand and appreciate way of life.   The organization has provided numerous rules and principles that help in forming the ideal conduct of a person regardless of status in life.   In this research since the issue is about how information are now being exploited or used by many, whether for personal or even corporate advantage with the use of internet and electronic media.   It has created a monster in the field of information campaign, many parties where overused, like possessed are copied without proper consent or sometimes unethical way of presenting information are formed in order to catch attention of readers or viewers.   These are just some of the obvious reasons, why this topic or issue is very important. American Psychological Association also has become the main organization that has establish the right principles and practices to be perform in order to provide assistance in helping people to become not only ethically upright but also practice high degree of respect to his well-being.   Some of the major principles that it applies are: Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice and most especially Respect for people’s rights and dignity.   These are the major principles that the organization wants us to perform, observe and adhere in our daily lives.   If we relate this to internet and electronic media, it is really obvious that there are issues and problems it really generates. Take for instance; like for the internet, almost anybody can use it without any restriction, meaning it can be used by anyone, anywhere and everywhere.   Students, if they will not be allowed to use their computers to do â€Å"chat† or play â€Å"network games† at home, they could still have the chance to do it when they are outside their homes and how much more if they are outside their school.   These are just some of the major impact of internet alone.   The problem here is that for these young generations, their attitude becomes affected and that affects the major principles that were mentioned earlier.   (Bersoff, D, 2003, pp. 6-10). Here the complete lists of APA ethical principles: Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility Principle C: Integrity Principle D: Justice Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity But again these can also be a question on how children are raised by their parents, because there are instances that some children are being given too much liberty or freedom and in effect they will do whatever they can.   One very common and good example is that, a parent may always entrusted their children that they will do their work in school and in doing this they would even encourage their children to work with somebody outside in order to practice their inter-personal relationship.   But, in doing these, parents must also consider that there might be some problems if too much freedom is given and that should be the one that needs to be addressed. Just to present the possible trend that may actually happened in the future based from the 1999 National Institute on Media and the Family, the effect of non-proper monitoring in children for television and the use of internet really affects their studies and even affected up to their personal well-being.   In their study about 51% from a range of children ages 2-17, says that parents observed that children are affected by violence they see on video games. But, more alarming is that 57% of children are more affected by violence that they see on television and movies.   That is also why parents percentage of concerns also goes high between 77% to 81% that they are also not taking any chances of finding ways how their children in the same age group not to be exposed on violent and sexual content television shows and movies that has become the main ingredients in the industry these days just to attract viewers and movie goers.   (Gentile, D.A. & Walsh, D.A., 1999).   (See Table 1)    Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never How often families have a TV on during meals 18% 22% 26% 18% 16% How often families have a TV on even if no one is watching it * 27% 27% 27% 19% How often children watch educational TV 8% 39% 39% 11% 3% How often children see parents read * 65% 25% 7% 3% How often children have TV on while doing homework 4% 12% 14% 22% 48% How often children copy characters they have seen on TV * 15% 35% 32% 18% How often parents monitor how their children use the Internet 52% 15% 12% 8% 13% How often parents talk to their children about the music they listen to * 48% 34% 12% 6% Not given as a possible option Table 1. Common Television Pattern of Children But this may not anymore true since there are many changes and directives and policies that were implemented that shows that children are now aware of the impact of it in their lives as well as in their families.   Like, in a more recent and reliable studies presented in the next table, particularly when it comes to smoking and healthy life style of children as to how media affects to it, it shows that children are now careful and would always think of how they can prioritize their lives by looking at their bright future.   (See Figure 1 and 2). Figure 1. Sub-section: Smoking/ Media and Risky Behavior Figure 2. Sub-section: Alcohol Use/ Media and Risky Behavior In the two figures above, it only shows that there is some remarkable improvement that is happening in the past decade and this should continue in order to really make sure that children concern against the media is being addressed.   But in the two figure, the alcohol use for both 9th and 10th grade are just two of the major concerns, because it shows here that they might be more prone to be affected and enticed by media since the graph shows that there are no much remarkable developments in the curve that was presented. But, among the major principles that were emphasized, respect has been the principle that greatly affected in this study.   Under this principle one major characteristic of ethical practice is confidentiality.   In the internet there are major issues that can also be relating to it.   Take for instance information in the internet or even in the electronic media are sometimes exploited and being used for personal and competitive advantage and not anymore preserving it.   (Media and Risky Behavior, 2007). Ethical Committees of the American Psychological Association, main implementor of Rules and Procedures In the APA organization, a committee is given the over-all power in the proper implementation of the rules and procedures, which has been always for the best caring of the organization.   These said rules and procedures are yearly being reviewed and being paneled in order to see if it still appropriate and can address the different issues that human may encounter. (Bersoff, D, 2003, pp. 26-35).   Common Standards for Advertising, Avoidance of False or Deceptive Statements Most of us these days would consider internet and electronic media as one of the easiest source of information.   Information that sometimes without knowing can really affect our ethical standards, like the way we used these information in our daily lives.   With the way they advertised products as well as how it also inculcate the minds of everyone that would really â€Å"make believe† their audience about the many advantages of their product, sometimes it could also labeled us as a person as to how our ethical standards is measured.   (Fisher, C, 2003, pp. 103-105) One of the major issues here is about providing false and deceptive statements or information.   This is one major issue that needs to be address since there are many unreliable information that may come from either in the internet or electronic media.   This information sometimes reflects and builds our own personality and values.   Values that also affects our ethical standards in life. Media Presentation and Keeping Confidential Information As media becomes one of the major cornerstones of information delivery to everyone and as the confidentiality of it is always being tackled, there are some very good example as to how confidential information is really important to some businesses and industries.   This also helps us understand that keeping confidential information is really not only part of our human ethical practice but also has become a major part of the business process of many industries around the world. (Fisher, C, 2003, pp. 109-111). In keeping this confidential information, there are many good examples of information that really needs to be kept in properly and safe.   One of which is HIPAA information or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, it is actually enacted by the US Congress in 1996, that these information should be kept confidential at all times.   It is said to be one of the most confidential information that needs to be kept by all Government Health Services in the United States.   The main reason is that this information may also cause a lot of damage to the credibility of a person if used. (Fisher, C, 2003, p. 116). Other example of confidential information that has been classified are education and forensic records which are also highly confidential, like the latter is usually being used for police investigation and being presented as evidence in the court.   (Fisher, C, 2003, pp. 117-118) The Value of Maintenance, Dissemination and also proper Disposal of Records In order to address this concerns regarding confidentiality there should be proper and well defined process of maintenance, dissemination as well as disposal of information.   In this way information will not be used for bad purpose or at least problems may be minimized.   With the process put in place, people will be aware of how they can manage information and designated check points can be created in order to make sure that it really follows the right procedures. (Fisher, C, 2003, pp. 119-120) The Standards of Conducting Research the Importance of Consent in Research One of the better processes that should start for internet or electronic media is to practice and adhere to one of the best standard in conducting research is that it should first ask for consent in using the information.   Because only by asking for consent on the information would make it more binding, lawful and most especially ethical to the owner of the information as well as for the people who would get the information.   This also immediately eliminates the notion of non-conformance to confidentiality issues, which really a big effect on the principle of respect to the dignity of other people. (Fisher, C, 2003, pp. 146-155). Ethical Principles of Psychology and its Code of Conduct that Relates to Informing Consent At this point, it will provide more relevant information as to how important consent and how it is being performed properly by one person who is getting the information.   Just like for example a professional psychologist who would ask for information to his patient must need to ask for consent to their patients and most of the time, there is a waiver form that is signed by the patients that says every information that may come along during the procedure is confidential.   The following are the detailed step that needs to be done in these procedures of asking for consent: Must provide a clear explanation Must seek the individual’s assent or approval Needs to consider persons’ preferences and best interest, and Obtain appropriate permission from legal authorities. In these steps, it only shows that asking for consent is not a simple way to do and individuals must always respect these processes because this is where issues comes along.   Issues that your confidential information might be used wrongfully.   (Pope, K., 2008). The Importance of Training and Supervision for People to embraced the right Ethical Standards of Life It is true that not all are well trained or at least well informed on the right ethical standards that they have to do either in business or in school.   Many just considers that everything is given the freedom to do whatever they prefer doing without really focusing on the effect it might bring to the public.   Internet and electronic media has been two of the common target to these issues. But the issues is not always on its people or practice that they embraced in their lives but there are many cases that industries and even schools are the ones that has the problem and even parents as well.   These people in authority must provide adequate trainings and supervision in order to solidify the process.   This also would help not only in the proper implementation if the right ethical standards but also would be necessary in the continuing development of policies and processes that may be impactful in the development of human ethical standards.   (Nagy, T., 2000, pp. 129-135) This has proved a lot worthy to parents in some of the major states and cities in the US, where with the proper monitoring made by parents, children slowly becomes aware of what they do and what they see.   This also shows that time management and choosing the right program and activities that they must do is essential and they should be there to guide and explain their child about the impact on them.   (See Table 2 to 4). Bay Area Percent       Very Positive   8.5% Somewhat Positive 42.1% Somewhat Negative 25.1% Very Negative   4.7% Too Young to Say 13.8%          Table 2. Parents Ratings on Effect of Media: 2006 @ Bay Area Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Percent       Very Positive   9.6% Somewhat Positive 43.8% Somewhat Negative 22.1% Very Negative   5.8% Too Young to Say 13.7% Table 3. Parents Ratings on Effect of Media: 2006 @ Alameda and Contra Costa Countries San Mateo County Percent       Very Positive   7.5% Somewhat Positive 42.6% Somewhat Negative 23.3% Very Negative   3.3% Too Young to Say 16.2% Table 4. Parents Ratings on Effect of Media: 2006 @ San Mateo County Santa Clara County Percent       Very Positive   8.9% Somewhat Positive 40.6% Somewhat Negative 24.2% Very Negative   4.5% Too Young to Say 15.5% Table 5. Parents Ratings on Effect of Media: 2006 @ Sta. Clara County Definition: Percentage of parents who rated the effects of media, including television, movies, music, and the like, at each level. Data Source: A survey of Bay Area parents commissioned by the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health. Polling conducted by the Survey Policy and Research Institute at San Jose State University. August 2006. Full results available at http://www.kidsdata.org/parentpoll/    In this table that were presented above, it only shows that media may not always give negative impact to children or people, most especially if the families, communities and organization works together in helping children or other people adhere to right ethical standards and processes.   Supervision and training can also make a big difference in order to achieve positive impact of electronic media.   (Parent Ratings on Effect of Media: 2006, 2006). III. The Importance of Ethical Community in the Ethical Practice and the Methods of Ethical Decision Making    Ethical Community impact on the Ethical Practices and Rightful decision Making In the previous topics, the main focus was mainly on the standard principles of ethical standards in the APA perspective and how it affects the issues that arise on internet and electronic media.   Now, the main focus is on how people be regarded to perform the right ethical standards having to respect the ethical community they belong.   Associations and organizations has always been the back bone of any entities in the world.   These organizations are also said to be the main community that needs to make sure that people are properly following the right policies of ethical standards. Penalties are even one part of the implementation that also needs to be force if needed.   That is also why people make the right decision based on these communities and not just their own personal judgment.   Communities makes ethical standards easily be followed because with it, people could easily set himself or herself that by doing such actions, they could either be penalized or be recognized for their actions and with that, they become more responsible and respectful to others.   (Sales, B.D. & Folkman, S., pp. 65-109). The Positive Effect of Internet and Electronic Media in the field of Psychology The Internet and What Lies ahead in the Field of Psychology It is true that the growing demand for information is really picking up, like in the field of psychiatry and psychological profession.   With the importance of having these processes to be accessible to anybody in order for them to apply the best practice fast and efficient, internet has becomes the only solution for it.   Internet has provided the best layered presentation of information that people can get almost anywhere in the world.   With its vast presence everywhere, internet has provided its own need for the people and that is not only to gain information but also to be prepared for much more to come, where more conveniently is given to them. Some of the advantages it provides in the field of Psychology in particular are that, it becomes an avenue of interchange amongst professional psychologist where exchanging of information and providing feedbacks happened.  Ã‚   It also has become a major development for this kind of profession to be able to provide these information conveniently and fast to its clients, not anymore doing it in a more traditional and tedious way.   (Huang, MP & Alessi NE, 1996). Psychological Experiments that can be conducted on the Internet In order to really see the effect of internet to an individual, there are proven effective experimentation that can be applied, and this includes: general issue and issues affecting cultural differences of people. General Issues In the general issues, there are sub-categories that have been included: decision making on the lab and on the internet and the other one is the validity of the web based psychological search.   In the first sub-category that was selected in this study, which is decision making on the lab as against in the internet, it shows that better and more effective decisions can be made in the lab since the information can easily be decided due to its minimal number of information that can be analyzed.   While in the internet, it has been proven difficult since the information are too much and sometimes individuals may find it difficult to evaluate the information and with that failure to get the more fruitful information is most of the time experienced. Cross-cultural experimentation and Individual differences Since internet is visited by everybody, regardless of their age or even gender and most especially the choice of information if always been the case for internet.   This has become a major trend that sometimes interpretation and understanding also becomes an issue.   Standards are sometimes affected by this approach.   Depending on the person who has adopted the approach that he or she has research, that will be the basis of his or her findings.   This also sometimes affects the personality also of the person which follows their ethical standards as well.   (Birnbaun, M, 2000). The Concept of Humanistic Psychology In order to really understand the issue and how we can clearly think of a better way how to address it, there are reliable set of values that we can apply in humanistic psychology that not only provides direction but also simple guidelines as to how internet and electronic media really affects human ethical well being.   The following core values are: (1) a belief in the worth of persons and dedication to the development of human potential, (2) an understanding of life as a process, change is inevitable, (3) an appreciation of the spiritual and intuitive, (4) a commitment to ecological integrity, and lastly, (5) a recognition of the profound problems affecting our world and a responsibility to hope and constructive change. This only says that the belief of a person that he can do the right thing and be recognized is very important.   Many people still do not apply this simple and yet very effective ways on how to motivate one self as well as well as others is very important and this can effectively be used in addressing the issues that brought about by internet and electronic media against human ethical standards.   (Humanistic Psychological Overview, 2008). VII. Summary In this study, with the information that were presented and the facts that were provided, it only shows that the issues that brought about by internet and electronic media does not always resulted to negative.   This was proven on the facts and figures that were presented in this paper. This study only shows and carefully explains that ethical standards of an individual may only be driven by as to how the person rely on his judgment as well as how committees and person in authorities perform their duties in order to make sure if the right practice and principles of ethical standards is followed.   Parents also seen to be a major part in the proper development of an individual because with their guidance and supervision not only with the committees, it helps children in particular to be more responsible in using internet and electronic media only to times that they really needed it and not for any other reasons. VIII. Recommendations In this study since it was very clear that being obliged to do what is right is really necessary to everyone and following the right principles and guidelines are also needed in order to achieve and apply the best and highly effective ethical standards that not only address issues regarding internet and electronic media but also not affecting the values being set by the psychological profession.   In this study it has recommended that all organizations must start to adhere the right ethical principles at all times in order for their people to be well guided accordingly on the right practices that they need to do at work. Secondly, parents and guardians must also be active in monitoring and supervising their children at home, because it will also help in solidifying the process in the minds of the children and that would also help them thinks the effect in their own personal way of life, most especially their values.   Lastly, is to educate oneself that nothing good will give if lack of respect will be applied and that will only promote negative attitude which affects ethical standards and behavior. References Bersoff, D. (2003). Ethical Conflicts in Psychology 3e. American Psychological Association, USA, pages 6-50. Birnbaun, M. (2000). Psychological Experiment on the Internet. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/web/IntroWeb.htm Fisher, C. (2003). Decoding the Ethics Code: A Practical Guide for Psychologists 1e. Sage Publications, Inc., California USA, pages 103-155. Gentile, D.A. & Walsh, D.A. (1999). National Survey of Family Media Habits, Knowledge and Attributes. Retrieved July 4, 2008, from http://www.mediafamily.org/research/report_mqexecsum.shtml Huang, MP & Alessi NE. (1996). The Internet and the Future of Psychiatry. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/153/7/861?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Internet+and+eLECTRONIC+mEDIA+ISSUES&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT Humanistic Psychological Overview. (2008). Association for Humanistic Psychology. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://www.ahpweb.org/aboutahp/whatis.html Media and Risky Behavior. (2008). The Future of Children Site. Retrieved July 4, 2008, from http://www.futureofchildren.org/information2850/information_show.htm?doc_id=676348 Nagy, T. (2005). Ethics in Plain English: An Illustrative Casebook for Psychologists 2e. American Psychological Association, USA, pages 129-135. Parents Rating on Effects of Media: 2006. (2008). Kidsdata.org. Retrieved July 4, 2008, from http://www.kidsdata.org/topictables.jsp?t=36&i=1&ra=3_132 Pope, K. (2008). Informed, Consent in Psychotherapy & Counseling. Retrieved July 4, 2008, from http://kspope.com/consent/index.php Sales, B.D. & Folkman, S. (2000). Ethics in Research with Human Participants. 1e,

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Argumentative Analysis - Essay Example Starting with the hypothesis of having unlimited time, Marvell tells the woman in the poem that he would take forever to love her. He tells her that her refusal would not matter then, even if she refused â€Å"Till the conversion of the Jews† (Marvell), because he would have ample time to win her affections – time being infinitely available to him. Moreover, Marvell states, he would have taken to just praise the lady and her magnificent attributes. However, he soon comes back to reality, telling the lady that in actuality such timelessness is not available to them both. Thereby, Marvell â€Å"reverses his logic and tries to make the real world with limited time seem problematic and even repulsive to the mistress† (Stephens 1).  With this repulsion for time lost, Marvell points out the logical that they should take the opportunity now, when they have the chance and the time, to love each other. Marvell says that as they do not have a say in how this world operat es, with regard to time, they do have a choice as to how they live their life, in his own words, â€Å"Thus, though we cannot make our sun / Stand still, yet we will make him run† (Marvell). Although the poem is based around a sexual premise – a man asking his mistress to make love to him – the underlying theme of Marvell’s work is simply this: we are time-bound beings, and if we do not make the most of what we have today, we will not only waste the opportunities afforded to us, but we shall also regret our passiveness later on. As he says, â€Å"The grave’s a fine and private place, / But none, I think, do there embrace† (Marvell), i.e. when an opportunity is lost forever, you cannot get it back. Certainly, we are limited beings, forced to follow the laws of nature. The passage of time is one such law of nature we cannot overcome or change. We are, all of us,

Barbie Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Barbie Assignment - Essay Example One of the arguments against girls playing with Barbie dolls is that by â€Å"dramatizing stereotypical feminine roles during play, girls will internalize† (Kuther & Mcdonald 39) and later strive to personify such roles. Boys do not wish to be seen playing with dolls, hence Barbies’ impact on them is less. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate Barbie dolls and their impact on oneself, as an essential area of gender and sexual studies. One’s Personal Perceptions of Barbie as a Child and Adolescent Though boys generally would not dream of playing with Barbies, most have experiences of some kind of destructive play with a Barbie belonging to their siblings or friends. As a child and while growing up, I had a fascination for the perfectly formed Barbie doll that my younger sister would dress in garments she stitched on her own. As a ten year old, she played imaginatively with her doll, and was proud to display it with her handiwork, of what sh e believed was high-fashion wear fit for the runways of Paris and Milan. Being her brother a couple of years older to her, I took immense pleasure in hiding her doll in inaccessilbe places, rolling it in mud, or coloring her hair with multi-colored inks, to horrify my kid sister. This would result in her crying and reporting to our parents, which would inevitably lead to some kind of punishment for me. However, her look of utter shock over my destructive work would give me immense satisfaction. The demolition was in a way related to the fact that the perfectly formed adult shape of Barbie made me uneasy. Hence I considered destructive measures to be a good way to display my disdain for all things feminine and attractive. This natural impulse that boys have is reiterated by Kuther and Mcdonald (p.46) who state that torture play with Barbies is commonly reported by boys. Another reason was my wish to teach my kid sister a lesson for having to baby sit her for short durations while I w ould have preferred to join my friends’ boisterous outdoor games. This destructive phase however, did not last long, and I stopped harassing her due to parental imposition. Girls in relation to their experiences with Barbie doll play are found to have long-lasting outcomes resulting from the unrealistically ideal body shape of the doll. It is widely argued that girls are severely constrained and even subjugated by the â€Å"rigid boundaries of normative femininity as well as the patriarchal and overly sexualized portrayals of females in Western cultures† (Ivashkevich 40). This is further rooted in the fact that the female body is checked, obsessed over, beautified and objectified through the media and other cultural products and discourses. In rebellion, girls are also stated to innovatively and imaginatively transform existing cultural texts and artifacts created for their consumption, not content to passively internalize cultural norms and values. On the other hand, one of the approaches that girls have towards their childhood play with Barbie dolls is a practical one, as revealed by Reid-Walsh and Mitchell (p.175). They state that they grew up loving the doll, and her exaggerated proportions made no difference to them. Further, they believe that those who consider Barbie dolls to be the root of their eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa should look into themselves for the causes,

Legal Issues with Physicians Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legal Issues with Physicians - Term Paper Example As per the predictions of CMS, the expenses may further grow by 7.3% yearly. This year USA will spend 3.1 trillion USD on healthcare programs. Medical Malpractice The key area within the healthcare law is  medical malpractice. Professionally, the term is used for delinquency or associated with a person having less than the required skills in medical treatment or providing patients with medical services. The victims that fall prey to medical malpractice are eligible for compensation with regard to their physical injuries (Sage & Kersh, 2006). A physician at fault will be accountable for medical misconduct, provided that the patient, who faced the misconduct, has established that medical practitioner crossed the limits in which the practitioner is bound to work that may be set of rules/procedures of accepted standards. In this case, the person, who receives damage, should be compensated, since the physicians violated the set procedure of care that caused the injury (Sage & Kersh, 200 6). Hence, in order to protect oneself against the sizeable costs of such claims, the physician will definitely seek refuge in the physician’s malpractice insurance cover. It has been observed that physicians’ malpractice costs reach billions of dollars each year. This has further inflamed substantial costs of healthcare. As far as the specialties are concerned, 50 percent costs of medical services go to providers’ malpractice premiums. Many physicians found themselves on a tight rope as the trend of misconduct premiums raised, e.g., the â€Å"defensive medicine† by the way of methods and analysis administered by the physicians to the patients, although they were not necessary. The record of such attitude of a physician speaks for it and attracts malpractice compensation. Several studies in this respect show that big amounts are spent on defensive tests and procedures each year (Sage & Kersh, 2006). The misconduct accountability is able to be extendable t o hospitals and other such facilities. For serious damages, plaintiff patient may have the benefit to avail additional compensation. Hence, we have found that the complicated historical doctrine disallows the corporate practice of not permitting physicians to be employed. In the United States, the government does not allow the medical practitioner to practice medicine corporately, claimants might not be given the right to lodge medical malpractice claims under HMOs or hospitals where the doctors are not considered employees of the hospital (Sage & Kersh, 2006). In the remote past, it was a difficult task to track malpractices information with regard to the physicians. In the United States of America, the federal government is responsible for maintaining the desired data bank of practitioners at national level besides misconduct values about $20,000. For the purpose of secrecy, it is not in the reach of public. However, the details are being passed on to medical boards, hospitals, an d other organizations for their reference. Keeping in mind the great demand of patients for cited information, a number of states is in the process of legislation so as to make it easily available to all people involved. We may quote here the example of Washington State, which provides access to information about physicians through certain channels: a) insurance company claim records, b) Data Bank of the Nationwide Medicine Practitioners, and c) medical board. The Massachusetts State follows the suit of Washington Sta

The Time Machine Essay Example for Free

The Time Machine Essay The narrator recounts the explanation of two difficult ideas by a man he refers to as the Time Traveller to an after-dinner group. The group includes a Psychologist, a Medical Man, a Provincial Mayor, and a few other men. The Time Traveller shows them a smaller prototype of the time machine, and when he pulls a lever, it disappearsinto the future, he claims. At the next weeks dinner, the Time Traveller comes in midway through the meal, haggard and limping. He tells them of his eight days of time travel. He uses the Time Machine that morning and speeds forward through time. The Time Machine lands in a garden and the Time Traveller sees a statue of a White Sphinx and he notices robed figures in a nearby house who are watching him. One approaches him and speaks in a strange tongue. When the creatures feel the Time Machine, the Time Traveller adjusts the levers to render it inoperable. The Time Traveller is stunned to think these creatures from 802,701 AD could be fools. The creatures bring him to a huge nearby building, where they invite him to devour exotic fruit with them. At first, he explains, he was confused by the strange fruits and flowers he saw, but he later came to understand their significance. The Time Traveller tries to learn the creatures language, but they soon lose interest in teaching him. He marvels at their laziness and lack of curiosity. He goes outside and is confused by the repositioning of the worldthe Thames River has shifted more than a mile. As he explores and sees only huge buildings, he arrives at a conclusion: Communism. However, he explains he was later to find out that his initial assumptions were incorrect. He believes he has happened upon the end of humanity. He also believes their population checks have possibly been too effective, accounting for the abandoned ruins. However, he admits, his explanation turned out to be wrong. The full moon comes out, the creatures go into buildings, and the Time Traveller finds someplace to sleep. When he reaches the garden of the White Sphinx, he finds the Time Machine is missing. Fortunately, without the levers, the Time Machine is inoperable. The next day he finds hints that the machine was dragged into the hollow bronze pedestal under the White Sphinx. However, he does not know how to open the pedestal, and when he indicates to some of the creatures that he wishes to open it, they seem deeply offended and leave. Over the ext couple of days, the Time Traveller learns some more of the creatures simple language and tries to forget about his missing Time Machine until he has gained enough knowledge to recover it. The deep, circular wells continue to puzzle him, as does the vacuum they produce and the thudding sound from below. He connects the presence of the wells with the tall towers spread about and concludes t hat there is a subterranean ventilation system, an idea that will prove to be wrong. He believes the society is run by automatic organization. On his third day, the Time Traveller saves a young female creature from drowning in the shallow river. Her name is Weena and she soon follows him around like a puppy, giving him flowers, and grows distressed when she cannot keep up with his explorations and is left behind. The Time Traveller learns that her only fear is of the dark, and that after dark, the creatures sleep only inside in groups. Still, the Time Traveller continues to sleep away from the groups, eventually with Weena. The Time Traveller resumes talking about the night before he rescued Weena. He awakes at dawn, and twice sees white, ape-like creatures running alone up a hill, and once sees several of them carrying a dark body. Once the sun rises, he sees them no more. On his fourth morning, while seeking shelter from the heat in one of the ruins, the Time Traveller finds a dark, narrow gallery. Entering it, he comes across a pair of eyes watching him in the darkness. A small, white ape-like creature then runs behind him in the sunlit space. He follows it into a second ruin where he finds a well. Lighting a match, he peers inside it and sees the creature climbing down metal foot and hand rests on the wall. The Time Traveller realizes that man has evolved into two distinct animals, the Upperworld creatures and the nocturnal ones below. He comes up with a new theory of how the world operates: the new species he has found are subterranean and live in tunnels ventilated by the towers and wells, and work to ensure the functioning of the Upperworld. He believes the human race has split as a result of the widening gap between the Capitalist and the Labourer, and that the poor have been increasingly relegated to underground areas. The lack of interaction between the poor workers and the rich has cut down interbreeding and created two distinct species who have adapted to their own environments. The Time Traveller is not sure if this is the correct explanation, but it seems the most plausible. He wonders why the Morlocksthe name of the Underworld creatureshave taken his Time Machine, and why the Eloithe Upperworld creaturescannot return it to him, if they are the masters, and why they are afraid of the dark. Weena cries when he asks her these questions. The Time Traveller cannot muster the courage to go underground and confront the Morlocks about his stolen Time Machine. Instead, he explores the Upperworld more, one day happening upon a huge green structure which he calls the Palace of Green Porcelain. Finally he descends into the well, greatly distressing Weena. He rests in a tunnel inside it, and is woken by three Morlocks. They flee when he lights a match, and the Time Traveller cannot communicate with them, as they speak a different language from the Eloi. He finds his way into a large, dark, machine-filled cavern where the Morlocks eat meat. Soon the Morlocks grope him. He shouts at them, then lights a succession of matches as he escapes. The Time Traveller instantly despises the Morlocks. As the moon wanes and the nights have longer periods of darkness, Weena talks about the Dark Nights. The Time Traveller begins to understand why the Eloi fear the darkness, though he does not know what kind of foul villainy the Morlocks practice at night. He revises his hypothesis: while the Eloi and Morlocks may have once had a master-slave relationship, now the Morlocks are growing in power while the Eloi are fearful. The Time Traveller decides to defend himself against the Morlocks. First he must find weapons and a safe place to sleep. The only place he can think of is the Palace of Green Porcelain. He starts off the long trek with Weena, and comes up with a new theory about the Morlocks: they breed the Eloi like cattle for food. He sympathizes with the plight of the Eloi. The Time Traveller decides to use a torch as a weapon against the Morlocks, and then acquire some kind of battering-ram to break open the pedestal under the White Sphinx, where he imagines the Time Machine is still kept. He also plans to bring Weena back to his own time. The Palace of Green Porcelain turns out to be a ruined museum with objects from the Time Travellers time and beyond. The Time Traveller finds an enormous room with huge, strange machines, and wonders if he can use them against the Morlocks. He notices that the gallery slopes downward into darkness. When he hears noises in the darkness similar to those from the well, he breaks off the lever of a machine. He restrains his desire to kill the Morlocks. He finds a box of matches and a jar of flammable camphor. The Time Traveller treks with Weena through the woods, hoping to reach the White Sphinx by the next morning. They gather sticks for a fire that night. At night, about a mile before a safe clearing, the Time Traveller spots some hiding Morlocks. He distracts them by setting fire to the sticks and leaving them there. He takes Weena through the woods as the fire spreads behind them. Soon, the Morlocks are on him and Weena. The Time Traveller scares them off with a match. Weena seems to have fainted, and he carries her. The action has disoriented him, and he is now lost. He camps out, gathering more sticks for a fire. He fends off the Morlocks with the light from his matches. The Time Traveller nods off, and wakens when the Morlocks are on him again. His matches are gone and his fire has gone out. He grabs his lever and strikes them. They flee, but the TT soon realizes the forest fire he previously set is the source of their fear. Unable to find Weena, he takes his lever and follows the Morlocks until he finds an open space. He strikes the Morlocks until he sees that they are incapacitated by the fire. He does not locate Weena among them. In the morning, when the fire dies down, he cannot find Weena, whose body he believes was left in the forest. He limps on to the White Sphinx, feeling lonely and vengeful. He discovers some loose matches in his pocket. Back with the Eloi, the Time Traveller reflects on how wrong his initial assumptions were. He thinks the human intellect had committed suicide by creating a perfect state in which the rich had wealth and comfort and the poor had life and work. Such a perfect balance can exist for only so long, he believes, before it is disruptedin this case, by the Morlocks need for food, which they find only in the Eloi. At the White Sphinx, he is surprised to find the bronze pedestal has been opened, and the Time Machine is inside. He throws away his weapon and goes inside. Suddenly, the bronze panels close up, and the Time Traveller is trapped. Morlocks laugh as they a pproach him. The Time Traveller feels safe, knowing he has only to reattach the levers on the machine to make his exit. However, his matches require a box to light. In the darkness, he fights them as he gets into the machines saddle and reattaches the levers. Finally, he pulls a lever and disappears. The Time Traveller notices that, in the confusion of his fight with the Morlocks, he accidentally sent himself into the future, rather than the past. Time Traveller observes the reddish landscape and the moss-like vegetation everywhere. There is no wind, the water of the sea barely moves, and the air is rarefied. He sees a huge, crab-like thing crawling toward him. The Time Traveller pulls his machines lever and watches more of the giant crabs crawl along the beach as he shoots forward through time. The sun grows larger and duller. After thirty million years, all life save the green vegetation ceases to exist, and it starts to snow. The Time Traveller stops the machine. He feels sick and confused and incapable of facing the return journey. He sees a black creature crawl out from the sea, and his fear of remaining in this environment compels him to climb back into the Time Machine. The Time Traveller relates to the men his travel back to the present time. The men imply that they do not believe his story, and soon leave. The narrator thinks more about the Time Travellers story, unsure if it is true. He goes to the laboratory the next day and asks the Time Traveller if his story was true. He promises it was, and says he will prove it in half an hour when hes done working on the machine. He leaves, and the narrator realizes he has to meet someone soon. As he goes into the laboratory to tell the Time Traveller, there is a gust of wind and some odd sounds, and neither the Time Traveller nor the Time Machine is present. When a servant tells him he has not seen the Time Traveller outside, the narrator understands he has travelled into time again. Three years later, the Time Traveller has yet to return to the present. The narrator wonders where the Time Travellers adventures may have taken him. While the Time Traveller saw that mankinds progress turned out to be destructive, the narrator believes human civilization may still do some good as it matures. The narrator also chooses to view the future as largely unknown. He now owns two white flowers given to the Time Traveller by Weenaproof, he says, that even when mind and strength had gone, gratitude and a mutual tenderness still lived on in the heart of man.

Use Of Automatic Storage And Retrieval System Information Technology Essay

Use Of Automatic Storage And Retrieval System Information Technology Essay Globalisation, deregulation, competitiveness, increasing customer expectations has made it imperative for the Indian industry to achieve sustainable advantage in this competitive scenario, thus it has become very important for businesses to service the needs of their customers excellently by providing value to their demands. For the improvement of the business efficiency supply chain management is considered to be one of the most important business improvement tools available. From Suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers have discovered that they must either transform their operations and tactics or be beaten by competitors with more innovative and aggressive supply networks. At a broader level, it is necessary to integrate various processes like procurement of material, manufacturing, distribution, retailing, marketing, RD, HR, etc, whereas it is equally important to involve each process of various organizations which are required to work together to achieve mutual benefits across the supply chain. In this competitive manufacturing and business environment and the need to provide a linkage between various processes, the warehouse has always been a critical link between a manufacturing plant and the world and affects the performance of the entire manufacturing and logistics system. Storage is one aspect of the supply chain that can provides increased efficiency, cost savings, and other such benefits. Poor infrastructure facilities, outdated mindsets and lack of exposure to newer methodologies and the latest developments have been bottlenecks against progress in Indian warehouse management and materials handling. Today, with the advent of information and communication technologies, the scenario for warehouse management and materials handling in India is changing fast with introduction to IT enabled systems such as MRP, inventory management, logistics control and automated Storage and Retrieval System. The importance of warehouse management, materials handling, storage and the need for the automation in the warehousing invokes the need for an ASRS. ASRS An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a high-rise system which consists of computer-controlled methods for automatically placing and retrieving loads from specific storage locations. Thus, reduces human intervention and avoids human error. ASRS are used in applications where there is a very high volume of loads being moved into and out of storage storage density is important because of space constraints no value adding content is present in this process accuracy is critical because of potential expensive damages to the load ASRS basically involves the use of high-rise racks with a storage machine operating within the aisle, is serves both sides of the aisle. Loads are stored in the racks and retrieved either automatically or in a semi-automated fashion. The loads could either be unit loads that are palletized, or, in some cases, involve drawers and totes that are used to store smaller parts. The heights of ASRS systems can vary, depending on the application. The highest systems are 100 feet high. Improved material control is one of the most important functions of an ASRS. Using an ASRS to automatically store and retrieve product provides the means for controlling the movement of material, and eliminates the possibility of human error. Another important benefit of an ASRS system is the immediate reporting of moves completed, which provides a critical link in the chain of information systems that control inventory. Components of an ASRS: A basic ASRS system is comprises of one or more aisles which have a robotic crane to retrieve from and store product in the racks on either side of the aisle. The use of a robotic crane allows racks to be built several stories high over almost any length, providing more storage density than almost any other storage solution. The cranes also bring the materials to the operator which virtually eliminates wait, walk and cycle times. ASRS systems can also handle a variety of materials, from small bins of parts up to entire pallets of materials, with fast cycle times and high precision. An ASRS consists of the following: Rack Structure The racks can either accommodate palletized unit loads or totes/bins or drawers, depending on the size and characteristics of the part. Other types of racks are cantilever racks, flow racks, and any other specially designed storage structure. The rack openings are typically standardized, as the cost of non-standard, or customized, openings can be significantly higher than those for the standard openings. The pallets do not leave the warehouse to customers, including manufacturing. The reason for this is the rough use received by pallets in loading/unloading and in transportation. Damaged pallets with nails or slivers sticking out can cause serious problems in the operation of an ASRS. Also, the rack structure can be either free standing, or the building can be rack supported. Storage/Retrieval Machine The storage retrieval machine operates within a storage aisle. Its function is to store and retrieve loads. It is designed for applications requiring high lifts, fast speeds, control features and accurate positioning, not available in other types of material handling equipment. Typically, it consists of a structural frame of either a single or multiple mast construction. The lower portion of the frame has wheels which normally run on a single floor rail or two rails. The frame is guided by support from the storage structure at the top of the structural frame. The structural frame of the storage retrieval machine is used to guide the carriage for accurate locating of the load as it is raised and lowered. The carriage carries the mechanism to carry, store and retrieve the load. The storage and retrieval mechanism can either be a shuttle device or a pushpull arrangement with a pin to engage/disengage the load. The storage and retrieval mechanism also must be able to transfer loads to and from conveyors, shuttle cars and Pick and Deposit stations. The storage retrieval machine is typically captive in a single aisle, with one storage retrieval machine per aisle. There are cases, however, where the storage retrieval machine can operate in more than one aisle. In this case, a transfer car is required at the end of the aisle to transfer the storage retrieval machine from one aisle to another. The choice of one versus the other configuration depends on the cost and the throughput requirements. Typically, storage retrieval machines service both sides of the aisle and can operate in very narrow aisle configurations, where the aisle is only marginally wider than the load. The storage retrieval machines can have a person on board, or can be completely unmanned. The person-on-board systems permit less than a full unit load to be picked from a storage location. P D Stations (Transfer Stations): Pick and Deposit station is a location at which a load is entering or leaving storage is supported in a manner suitable for handling by the S/R machine. These may be a simple as a fork truck setdown station, a shuttle car, a conveyor section or an Automatic Guided Vehicle System (AGVS). Normally, every AS/RS has at least one pick-up station and one delivery station. P D stations are usually located at the end of the storage aisles. Sometimes the P D stations are integrated with an in-plant or warehouse transportation system. Features of ASRS: Following are the main safety features of AS/RS. AS/RS systems are typically automated man less system, they almost eliminates human interaction with moving equipment and increases the occupational health safety levels in warehouses. All operational commands are given electronically from host system and thru pre-programmed path logic, eliminating all major risks associated with material equipment damage. Catching devices over speed governors are provided for hoisting movement to arrest over speed/acceleration of equipment, ensuring absolute trouble free operation. Limit switches safety bumpers are provided at end of aisle to detect avoid over-travel of equipments. Physical dimensions of load/pallet are checked in all three directions while entering of pallet on forks over dimensional loads are rejected from the system, ensuring only suitable sized objects gets handled by AS/RS. Motion of load handling device (LHD) are locked during vertical horizontal travel of equipment. Unlike fork trucks/battery stackers, AS/RS do not have telescopic mast. AS/RS mast is supported by bottom top rail, restricting sway of mast during travel of equipment. Benefits of ASRS: Provides make-to-order capability in addition to make-to-inventory production Real-time inventory control and instantaneous reporting functionality Bringing material to the operator cutting cycle time by eliminating wait, walk, and search time. Reduces work-in-progress inventory. Better inventory accuracy and better responsiveness to need result in reduction or elimination of safety stock in the overall inventory model. This has the net effect of inventory reduction. Dramatically increases operator productivity. The Part to Picker model of order fulfilment is 3 to 5 times more productive that having the picker travel to the part to complete the fulfilment. Provides real-time inventory control with instant reports. With near 100% accuracy and real time information about the inventory on hand, achievable commitments can be made to your customer as opposed to best efforts promises. Improves product quality and productivity. Real time information, faster response to a need, physical protection, and traceability of material access all contribute to a better process where time can be spent on improving the quality of the process instead of on expediting material to a point of use. GLOBAL SCNERIO: An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS or AS/RS) consists of a variety of computer-controlled methods for automatically placing and retrieving loads from specific storage locations. Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are typically used in applications where: there is a very high volume of loads being moved into and out of storage; storage density is important because of space constraints; no value adding content is present in this process; accuracy is critical because of potential expensive damages to the load. AS/RS Systems are devices designed for automated storage and retrieval of parts and items in manufacturing, distribution, retail, wholesale and institutions. They focus on bringing goods to the man rather than manual walking and searching. Space savings, increased productivity/reduced labour, increased accuracy and reduced inventory levels are some of the primary benefits. Ideal for lean manufacturing, sustainability, six sigma, Kahnban, JIT and other value added methodologies and processes. Material Handling Institute of America (MHIA), the non-profit trade association for the material handling world, and its members have broken AS/RS into two primary segments. Fixed Aisle and Carousels/Vertical Lift Modules (VLMs). Both sets of technologies provide automated storage and retrieval for parts and items, but use different technologies. Each technology has its unique set of benefits and disadvantages (like everything in the world). Fixed Aisle systems are characteristically larger systems where as Carousels Vertical Lift Modules are used individually or grouped, but in small to medium sized applications. Fixed Aisle AS/RS is categorized into three main types: single masted, double masted, and man-aboard. Most are supported on a track and ceiling guided at the top by guide rails or channels to ensure accurate vertical alignment, although some are suspended from the ceiling. The shuttles that make up the system travel between fixed storage shelves to deposit or retrieve a requested load (ranging from a single book in a library system to a several ton pallet of goods in a warehouse system). As well as moving along the ground, the shuttles are able to telescope up to the necessary height to reach the load, and can store or retrieve loads that are several positions deep in the shelving. To provide a method for accomplishing throughput to and from the AS/RS and the supporting transportation system, stations are provided to precisely position inbound and outbound loads for pickup and delivery by the crane. In addition, there are three types of AS/RS devices called Vertical Lift Modules (VLMs), Horizontal Carousels and Vertical Carousels. These systems are used either as standalone units or in integrated workstations called pods. These units usually are integrated with various types of pick to light systems and use either a microprocessor controller for basic usage or inventory management software. These systems are ideal for increasing space utilization up to 85%, productivity levels by 2/3, accuracy to 99.9%+ levels and throughput up to 750 lines per hour/per operator. Man-aboard AS/RS: A man-aboard AS/RS offers significant floor space savings. This is due to the fact that the storage system heights are no longer limited by the reach height of the order picker. Shelves or storage cabinets can be stacked as high as floor loading, weight capacity, throughput requirements, and/or ceiling heights will permit. Man-aboard automated storage and retrieval systems are far and away the most expensive picker-to-stock equipment alternative. Aisle-captive storage/retrieval machines reaching heights up to 40 feet cost around $125,000. Hence, there must be enough storage density and/or productivity improvement over cart and tote picking to justify the investment. Also, because vertical travel is slow compared to horizontal travel, typical picking rates in man-aboard operations range between 40 and 250 lines per person-hour. The range is large because there is a wide variety of operating schemes for man-aboard systems. Man-aboard systems are typically appropriate for slow-moving items where space is fairly expensive. Vertical Lift Module The VLM is a computer controlled automated vertical lift module, storage and retrieval system. Functionally, stock within the VLM remains stationary on front and rear tray locations. On request a movable extractor unit travels vertically between the two columns of trays and pulls the requested tray from its location and brings it to an access point. The operator then picks or replenishes stock and the tray is returned to its home. VLM system offers variable tray sizes and loads, which could be applied in different industries, logistic, as well as office settings. The VLM systems could be customized to fully utilize the height of the facility, even through multiple floors. With the capability of multiple access openings on different floors, the VLM system is able to provide an innovative storage and retrieval solution. The rapid movement of the extractor as well as the integrated inventory management software can dramatically increase the efficiency of the picking process. Unlike large AS/RS systems, which require a complete overhaul of the warehouse or production line, the Vertical Lift Module are modularized, which can be easily integrated into the existing system, or to be rolled out in gradually over different phases. This is the first model of the same. Horizontal Carousels: A horizontal carousel is a series of bins which rotate on an oval track. Every bin has shelves which are adjustable to .75 and can be configured for a myriad of standard and special applications. An operator simply inputs a bin number, part number or cell location and the carousel will rotate via the shortest path. Multiple horizontal carousels integrated with pick to light technology and inventory management software (a pod of carousels) are used for order fulfilment. A wave of orders are sent to the pod. A group of orders are selected to create a batch. The operator simply follows the lights and pick round robin from the carousels and place items in a batch station behind them. Each carousel pre-positions and rotates when picked, so it is awaiting for the operator who picks round robin till the batch is complete. When the batch is complete, a new batch is inducted and the process repeated until the wave is complete. Horizontal carousels can save up to 75% of floor space, increase productivity by 2/3, accuracy levels to 99.9%+ levels and throughput up to 750 lines per hour/operator. Horizontal carousel systems generally outperform robotic systems which are very vogue right now for a fraction of the cost. Horizontal carousels are the most cost effective AS/RS system available. Unit-load AS/RS are used in distribution centres Unit-load AS/RS are used in distribution centres for storing pallet loads of goods, replenishing of mini-loads or for direct picking. In manufacturing plants they store raw materials, finished goods, work in process and spare parts for equipment. With companies being forced to do more with fewer resources and fewer employees, the benefits of a unit-load automated storage and retrieval system are 100 percent order control, visibility and traceability within your facility, says Todd Jedelsky, account executive with Murata Machinery. The system keeps account of whats going in and out, so users are not correcting mistakes as frequently. As the economic downturn forces more companies to practice lean handling techniques, the latest developments in these technologies are yielding more efficient picking and enhanced returns on investment. Here is a look at the latest trends. Mini-load AS/RS systems have incrementally crept up in heights and speeds in recent years. Now reaching as high as 78 feet, with travel speeds as fast as 23 feet per second, suppliers have been developing independent mini-load handlers and drive systems that compensate for mast movement with motor-driven anti-pendulum and belt-driven omega drives. Well-entrenched in food and beverage handling, mini-load AS/RS is growing in popularity for smaller retailers, adds Bill Ostermeyer, vice president of sales at viastore systems. The technology allows you to do a better job at sequencing and fine tuning the cubing and loading of trailers for efficient delivery and unloading at the retail stores. This is because of the ability to control the release out of the system in a very logical manner. Unit Load, Mini-Load, or Layer-Load AS/RS Improve Sales Profitability with these storage solutions Which type of load do you need to store and retrieve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unit Load pallets, paper rolls, bakery trays, etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Layer-Load layers of different products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mini-Load container based small parts à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self Storage Containers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Car Parking Systems Virtual pallet movement Faster speeds and smoother motion are visible improvements. A more important advancement is the software that manages the systems. Software capability has defined the technology since its inception: the automation arm of defense contractor Litton Industries created the dominant supplier decades ago. The successor organization is HK Systems Inc., and software development remains a focus. Full pallet movement will remain the distribution mode of breweries and other large-scale bottlers for the foreseeable future, but distributors and other food segments need systems that can retrieve cases from a variety of locations and assemble them for shipment. Rainbow pallets can be built automatically, but the cost is out of line with the labor savings. Proof of concept has been done on mixed-SKU automation, he adds, though commercialization is years away. But the batch picking and wave planning capabilities of todays systems already are far superior to traditional sortation systems, and whats changing the game is the sophistication of the software. Refrigerated storage with deep racks is becoming more common in food applications, and rising energy costs will accelerate the trend. Overview of Warehouse ASRS in India: In India, a warehouse has been generally perceived to be a place to store things, out of sight, and out of mind, certainly not an image of high tech or sophistication. In fact, most plant modernization efforts have typically ignored or bypassed the warehousing segment completely. Since quality warehouses are few, warehouses charge a premium for providing value-added services. Describing the Indian scenario Till the 90s, most of the warehouses were nothing but a tin shed with four walls. All the goods were mostly stored on the floor and handled by manual labour. Automation was practically unheard of except in some MNCs who were present then. With the entry of many new MNCs as well as global Third Party Logistics(3PL) service providers in late 90s and early 2000, the warehouse infrastructure started improving. Storage and Material Handling Equipments (MHE) started getting much needed attention. Today we have many players, both domestic (TCI, Indo Arya, Safexpress, M J Logistic) and foreign (Toll, Arshiya, etc.) who are investing millions of rupees to construct world class warehouses/logistics centres and equip them, with the latest storage and handling equipments as well as IT systems. MJ Logistic, a leading 3PL solutions provider, began operations of its state-of-the-art four-million tonne capacity cold storage warehouse and distribution facility with new customer acquisitions in the frozen food vegetables segment at its Palwal facility in Haryana near Delhi. According to CrISIL research estimates, the market size of the warehousing industry as on 2009-10 stood at Rs 250-300 billion, with size of the industrial and agricultural warehousing segment, excluding temperature controlled warehousing, in the range of Rs 220-260 billion and Rs 30-40 billion, respectively. Warehousing industry has grown at 8-10 per cent per annum. Industrial warehousing and agricultural warehousing have grown at the rate of 9-11 percent and 3.5- 4.5 per cent per annum, respectively. Several factors such as growth in external trade, growth across major industry segments such as automobile, pharmaceutical, fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and the emergence of organised retail have favourably impacted growth of the warehousing industry. Despite this growth, the general perception is that warehouses are places to simply store things, while big companies have their own warehousing facilities, smaller ones depend on the services provided by private operators, mostly in the unorganized sector. Warehousing automation: Warehouse automation in India is at its infancy. Right now, only big players are in a position to implement automation. Most small and medium enterprises are yet to adopt it. Typically, the small players do not have long-term plans, and, therefore, look for quick results from their investments. Warehouse automation requires considerable investment and the benefits are only realised after a while. This has dissuaded the small players from investing in warehouse technologies. High end technologies such as radio Frequency Identification (rFID), Barcodes and other advance tracking system are must for any warehousing company to sustain in the market today, Emphasizing that the warehouses should have adequate mechanical, technical and auxiliary systems to facilitate speedy functioning, Minda says, Loading unloading, material handling, ciphering, transferring and tracking would be the key operational attributes of warehouse.WMS (Warehouse Management System) are there with visibility and key warehousing analytics. Major Companies using ASRS in India: Genix Automation Pvt.Ltd, Pune was founded in 2006 and is providing Automation solutions in India. It has been servicing Automotive OEMs for their facility Automation. The company has in a very short time bagged numerous projects from almost all major car manufacturers. 1. GENIX Automation has supplied total solutions to Fiat India 2. GENIX has supplied engine storage system (ASRS) to TATA motors 3. GENIX has supplied system to NISSAN motors. 4. GENIX has supplied system to Ford motors. 5. GENIX has supplied system to Volks wagon motors. M J Logistic Services Ltd: Clients Acenorca S.C.L Bharti-Walmart Colgate Palmolive Coca Cola (India) Pvt. Ltd. Danisco India Pvt. Ltd Darshan Foods Pvt. Ltd. Family Health International (FHI) Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd. ITC Limited Kirloskar Brothers Limited Kwality Dairy India Ltd. Mico Bosch Philips Electronics Ltd. RFCL Limited Republic Of Chicken Tata Motors Limited SCOPE IN INDIA GENIX INDIA SCOPE à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Manufacturing Installation of Underguarding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Installation of Overhead Conveyor. Project : Ford Chennai , Bumper Line à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Manufacturing Installation of Complete PBS Structure 220Tonnes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Manufacturing Installation of Line Side Utility Structures . Project : Ford Chennai , PBS ( Painted Body Storage ) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Manufacturing Installation of Transfer Mezzanine 40 Tonnes . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mfg Installation of Dropà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ lift Safety Fence Project : Ford Chennai , Trim 1 to Trim Over head Transfer Managing the Risks of AS/RS: There are a few simple rules to investing in warehouse automation: Buy only the highest quality equipment. Dont think that the best deal will provide the lowest cost to your firm. The down-time associated with problems from lower quality equipment is too expensive and will quickly erode the initial cost savings. Think long-term: Every successful business has a vision that requires small, steady steps to reach goals that are realistic and profitable. Because an AS/RS has a 20+ year life, dont expect a 12-month payback. Introduce operating personnel early: Include operating personnel early in the process and make them a part of the project team before the system goes on-line. Think proactively: Preventive maintenance is far less expensive than reactive repair. Talk to the experts who design and maintain the equipment and take necessary action. Dont buy from companies that cannot demonstrate: Their successful expertise in environments similar to your project requirements. These rules sound basic and simple. All too often, however, one or more are not applied, which results in unrealistic expectations and frustration. At Westfalia, we avoid this by sticking to the fundamentals, staying within our core competencies, and making sure that we can fully identify with the customers problem domain. CASE: High Performance Picking System Eliminates Replenishment Labor Features/Benefits Provided: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dynamic Slotting of SKUs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Automatic Replenishment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pick to Light Interface à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Replenishment Labour Eliminated The warehouse and conveyor systems of a European cutlery supplier were technically outdated. Some of the spare parts were no longer available. Moreover, the profile of the orders received had changed over the years. The average size of shipments had decreased while the number of shipments had increased. At the same time, the packaging variety increased due to the companys growing international orientation. The company decided to respond to these new market challenges by restructuring the intra-logistic processes in its warehouse and distribution center. The selected supplier was to design and build a completely redesigned central warehouse and distribution center using the existing building structure. This presented the challenge of performing the modernization work without interrupting the day-to-day operations. A High Performance Picking System (HPPS), an intelligent combination of mechanics and software, met the project requirements. Through the use of the HPPS, customer orders and replenishment of stock are performed quickly, efficiently, and ergonomically. There are several distinct advantages of the HPPS. The pick faces of the pick-to-light system are automatically replenished with the required containers, and the storage and retrieval (S/R) machines automatically remove containers and cartons when they are empty or when dynamic slotting of slow moving SKUs is required and beneficial. The containers are placed directly in a sloping rack position that allows for a comfortable and highly ergonomic access to the containers during picking, thereby reducing pick cycle times. The HPPS incorporates an S/R machine designed with a carriage that tilts the load handling device (LHD) to correspond with the slope of the pick channels. is a proud member of AS/RS, a Product Section of the Material Handling Industry of America